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 Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT) Calves and foals are born virtually devoid of any detectable level of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The neonatal calf and foal's immunity to infectious agents relies on the ingestion and absorption of maternal IgG from the first and second colostrum after 24 hours after birth. This process termed passive transfer, is a critical determinant of calf and foal health. 6,9 Failure of passive transfer (FPT) may occur as a result of inadequate suckling, poor absorption of IgG, low levels of IgG in colostrum, or environmental stress. Despite a number of studies that have shown an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in FPT calves and foals, 1,2,3,4,10,11,12,13,14 its prevalence in the field remains high. In fact, it is not uncommon to find bovine herds with 40% of calves in this classification.5 The calf and foal's ability to absorb IgG is optimal at birth and progressively declines in absorptive efficiency. The highest rate of absorption occurs during the first 4 hours followed by a gradual slowing until 12 hours. From 12 to 24 hours there is a substantial decline in absorption. Estimated closure time for IgG is approximately 24 hours. 8,11,15 A number of studies have identified the specific concentration of IgG that indicate adequate passive transfer. 5,6,7,14,15,16 Serum IgG concentrations in calves of less than 10mg/mL are considered to show FPT, while serum IgG concentrations above 10mg/mL are considered to have an adequate level of immunity. Serum IgG concentrations in foals of less than 8mg/mL are considered to show FPT, while serum IgG concentrations above 8mg/mL are considered to have an adequate level of immunity. The rapid identification of calves and foals with adequate IgG levels can be used to assess management and husbandry practices. In addition, if low IgG levels are detected, intervention strategies may be developed in conjunction with your health professional to optimize calf health and farm productivity. In the Midland Quick Test KitsŪ, the lateral flow test device consists of a 4 mm strip enclosed in a plastic cassette, incorporating both complexing and detection reagents. Using the appropriate pipette device specified in the instructions, a sample is transferred to the dilution vial and gently mixed. A portion of the diluted sample sample is then transferred to the sample well of the cassette. If bovine IgG is greater than 10mg/mL or the equine IgG is greater than 8 mg/mL, it complexes with a complexing agent in the cassette. The complex then migrates through the test strip and bypasses the immobilized detection line (position "T") but reacts with the immobilized control line (position "C") causing a single red colored line to develop. The intensity of the single line does not mean anything in regards to concentration. However, if the bovine IgG is less than 10mg/mL or the equine IgG is less than 8 mg/mL, it will not complex with complexing agent. The free complexing reagent will migrate through the test strip and react with both the immobilized "T" and "C" lines causing the development of two red lines. Excess sample will be absorbed in an upper filter. Again, intensity of the lines is not indicative of concentration. As noted above, regardless of the concentration of the IgG sample, a line should develop at the "C" position. This has been incorporated into the cassette as a control mechanism. If no line is observed at the "C" position, then the test should be considered invalid and should be repeated with a new, unused cassette. If the same results are obtained in the repeated test, contact us. Click to review the general information for the Whole Blood Calf IgG kit, the Plasma Calf IgG kit, Colostrum Bovine IgG kit, Plasma Foal IgG kit and Whole Blood Foal IgG kit. |
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